Electronic HTML Reference
This page represents the core HTML that most browsers support. For more
comprehensive references, cross-references to multiple browsers, and Dynamic HTML
information please refer to the HTML Mega-Xref. Or, see the list of
HTML resources at the end of this page.
Please Note: The links below won't work until the
entire document has been downloaded. And that may take up to a minute, depending on the
speed of your modem.
<--! ... -->
These tags enclose comments to yourself, which can help you document your HTML code and
make it more maintainable. The browser ignores the open and close tags and any text
between <!-- and -->. Identical in function to the
<comment>...</comment> tags.
Example
<!--This is a comment to myself. -->
<A...> ... </A>
An anchor element marks either the start of a hypertext link or the destination of a
hypertext link. Use this tag to create hot spots on your Web page or to jump to hot spots
on the Web, in another file, or on the same page. Either the HREF or the NAME attribute is
required to use the anchor element.
Attributes
HREF="target" text_or_image Defines a hyperlink. The
browser jumps to the target when the user clicks the hyperlink text_or_image.
The target can be a URL, a filename, or a #identifier that refers to an anchor
(bookmark) in the same or another document.
NAME="identifier" Defines a bookmark - the target of a
hyperlink. The identifier must be unique within the HTML document.
TITLE="title" An informational title for the document
referenced by the HREF attribute. In most browsers this title appears in the status bar
when the user is pointing to the hyperlink in the document.
REL="relationship_values_list" Specifies the relationship(s)
from the anchor to the target. Relationship_values_list is a comma-separated list.
Used only with the HREF attribute.
REV="relationship_values_list" Same as REL, except that it
specifies the relationship(s) from the target to the anchor
URN="uniform_resource_name" Specifies a uniform resource name
for a target document. Not widely supported at this time.
METHODS="methods_list" Specifies functions a user can perform
on an object. Methods_list is a comma-separated list. Acceptable methods are
determined by the server.
TARGET="window_name" Used with the HREF attribute to specify
the name of a frame, or a new browser window that opens if
it isn't opened already. In framed sites, this attribute takes precedence of the <BASE TARGET> tag.
Example
Here's a small web page that contains a bookmark, a hyperlink to that bookmark, and a
hyperlink to a site on the web.
<!-- Below A NAME identifies a target named Top is this page -->
<A NAME="Top"></A>
<H1>This is the title </H1>
<P>Body text body text body text body text body text, etc.</P>
<!--The line below takes the reader to the Top target in this document -->
<A HREF="#Top">Go to Top</A>
<!--The next line takes the reader to the web site at http://www.coolnerds.com-->
<A HREF="http://www.coolnerds.com/">Go to My Home Page</A>
<ADDRESS> ... </ADDRESS>
These tags format the text that appears between the open and close tag as address information.
Use them to specify a mailing address, e-mail address, telephone number, and so on.
Typically, the address text appears italicized and an automatic paragraph break appears
before and after.
Example
<ADDRESS>
Mail comments to <A HREF="mailto:alan@coolnerds.com">Alan</A>
</ADDRESS>
Looks like this in a web browser:
Mail comments to Alan
<APPLET...> ... </APPLET>
These tags specify the location and other attributes of a pre-compiled, executable
applet that produces live audio, animation, or other Java applications on the Web page.
For more details about writing Java applets visit http://java.sun.com. Note that Java is
not the same as JavaScript.
<B> ... </B>
These tags display the text that appears between them in boldface.
Example
When all else fails, <B>read the instructions</B>.
looks like this in a web browser:
When all else fails, read the instructions.
<BASE ...>
This tag records the base URL for the document. Any URLs contained within the document
then can be in a form relative to this base address. If you omit the <BASE ...>
element, the browser resolves any relative URLs by using the URL it originally used to
access the document. Place the <BASE> element between the
<HEAD>...</HEAD> elements.
Attributes
HREF="base URL" Defines the base address for this document.
TARGET = "name" Defines a window or frame to display a document
in, where name has already been defined in a <FRAME> tag.
Example
<HEAD>
<BASE HREF="http://www.coolnerds.com/">
<TITLE>Welcome to my Home Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BASEFONT ...>
This tag changes the base font size for the document. Any <FONT SIZE ...> changes
increase or decrease the font size relative to the base font size that you have
established. Particularly useful for setting a base font size for use with <BIG> and
<SMALL> tags in Netscape Navigator.
Attributes
COLOR = "triplet or name" Defines a color using rgb triplets or
color name (see my Color Table).
FACE = "name" Defines a typeface where name is the name
of a font on the reader's PC. If the font cannot be found on the reader's PC, the default
font (typically Times Roman) is used instead. Currently supported only by Internet
Explorer 2.0.
SIZE = n where n is a number between 1 (smallest) and 7 (largest)
inclusive. The default is 3.
Example
<BASEFONT FACE="Arial" COLOR=#0000FF SIZE=4>
sets the base font to Arial typeface, in blue, at a slightly larger-than-normal size
(about 14 points rather than 12 points.)
<BGSOUND ...>
Inserts a background sound on the page that's downloaded and played automatically when
the reader opens the page. The sound file can be in .WAV, .AU format, or .MID (MIDI)
format. Microsoft Internet Explorer only. Use the EMBED
tag in Netscape Navigator to play background music.
Attributes
SRC="soundfile" Defines the name of the sound file to play in
the background.
LOOP=n Where n is a number specifying how many times the sounds.
Optionally, you can set n to -1 or INFINITE. If the value is -1 or INFINITE, the
sound plays continuously until another page is loaded.
Example
<BGSOUND SRC="drumroll.wav" LOOP=INFINITE>
<BIG>…</BIG>
Text between the <BIG> and </BIG> tags is shown at a slightly larger size
than surrounding text.
Example
If your browser supports the <BIG> tag, the text between those tags below:
I am regular and <BIG>I am big </BIG> I think.
will look larger on your screen (see below):
I am regular and I am big I think.
<BLINK> ... </BLINK>
These tags display the text that appears between them as blinking text. Netscape
Navigator only.
Example
Don't you just hate <BLINK>blinking text</BLINK>?
If you're viewing this with Netscape Navigator, or some other browser that supports
<BLINK>, you'll see some blinking text below:
Don't you just hate ?
<BLOCKQUOTE> ... </BLOCKQUOTE>
Sets the text between the open and close tags apart from other text on a page, usually
to display a lengthy quotation. The appearance of the text depends on the reader's
browser, but typically involves extra left and right indents and/or an italic font. Also
causes a paragraph break and usually adds space above and below the quoted text.
Example
<P>Famous quote from Romeo in Shakespeare's play:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?<BR>
'Tis the East, and Juliet is the sun.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Wow, how cool. Don't you wish people still talked like that?</P>
In this web browser that text appears as:
Famous quote from Romeo in Shakespeare's play:
But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?
'Tis the East, and Juliet is the sun.
Wow, how cool. Don't you wish people still talked like that?
<BODY> ... </BODY>
This element defines all text and images that make up the page and all items that
provide control and formatting for the page.
Attributes
ALINK="color" Defines the color of the active link.
Default is red. Supported by many recent browsers.
BACKGROUND="imagefile" Defines the location of an image
for use as a page background. The image usually appears tiled. Supported by many recent
browsers.
BGCOLOR="color" Defines the color of the page
background. See my Color Table for supported colors.
BGPROPERTIES=FIXED Makes the background image a watermark that does not scroll
as a normal background image does. Internet Explorer only.
LEFTMARGIN="pixels" Indents the left margin of the
document the specified number of pixels. Internet Explorer only.
LINK="color" Defines the color of link text. Default is
blue. Supported by many recent browsers.
TEXT="color" Defines the color of normal text. Default
is black. See my Color Table for supported colors.
TOPMARGIN="pixels" Indents the top margin of the
document the specified number of pixels. Internet Explorer only.
VLINK="color" Defines the color of visited link text.
Default is purple. See my Color Table for other colors.
Example
<BODY TEXT="White" BGCOLOR="Black" LINK="Yellow" VLINK="Lime" ALINK="Red">
Body text goes here. Body and text will have "inverted" colors.
</BODY>
<BR>
Starts a new line without a blank line. The new line has the same indent as
line-wrapped text.
Attributes
CLEAR=margin Breaks the line and moves vertically down until no
floating images appear in the specified margin, where margin is left (left
margin), right (right margin), or all (both margins). Netscape Navigator and Internet
Explorer only.
Example
<P>Here is a sample of my Haiku</P>
The cat<BR>
was Jonesin'<BR>
for some food<BR>
Meow.</P>
<P>Pretty good, huh?</P>
In a web browser, that text will look like this:
Here is a sample of my Haiku
The cat
was jonesin'
for some food
Meow.
Pretty good, huh?
Here's another example. Suppose your page contains a graphic image with the ALIGN=
attribute set to LEFT or RIGHT so text wraps around the image. But you want to start a new
paragraph under that picture. The tag below will ensure that any content that
follows the tag is not wrapped around that image:
<P><IMG SRC="whatever.gif" ALIGN="Left">
This text wraps to the right of the image named whatever.gif.</P>
<BR Clear="Both">
<P>This text and anything below it does not wrap around the image named whatever.gif.</P>
<CAPTION ...> ... </CAPTION>
Specify the caption for a table. The caption usually is centered with respect to the
table. Any document body HTML tag can appear within a caption.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the caption's alignment with respect to
the table. Alignment can be top or bottom (default is top). Internet Explorer also
allows alignment values of left, right, and center.
VALIGN=alignment Specifies the caption's alignment with respect to
the table. Alignment can be top or bottom. Internet Explorer only.
Example
See <TABLE ...> ... </TABLE> for an
example.
<CENTER> ... </CENTER>
Center the text between the left and right margins. Place the text you want to center
between the open and closing tags.
Example
<H1><CENTER>Think of Me as a Title</CENTER></H1>
looks like this in a web browser:
Think of Me as a Title
<CITE> ... </CITE>
The text that appears between these tags represents a citation and typically appears in
italics.
Example
This was clearly the decision in <CITE>Madison vs. Hartunian, 1996</CITE>.
Looks like this in your web browser:
This was clearly the decision in Madison vs. Hartunian, 1996.
<CODE> ... </CODE>
The text that appears between these tags represents programming code and typically
appears in monospaced font.
Example
<P>Here's a simple BASIC FOR…NEXT loop that counts from 1 to 10:</P>
<CODE>
FOR X = 1 TO 10<BR>
? X<BR>
NEXT X
</CODE></P>
And now we're back to regular font.
Here's how those lines look in your web browser:
Here's a simple BASIC FOR…NEXT loop that counts from 1 to 10:
FOR X = 1 TO 10
? X
NEXT X
And now we're back to regular font.
<COMMENT>...</COMMENT>
Indicates a comment, which is ignored by the web browser. Identical in function to <!-- -->
<DD> ... </DD>
These tags specify a definition item in a definition list. Definition items typically
are indented and formatted paragraph style after the term they define.
Example
See <DL> ... </DL> for an example.
<DFN>... </DFN>
Marks the defining instance of a term (the first time a term is used.) Most browsers
display the text in italics.
Example
If you need a high-performance hard drive, go for <DFN>SCSI 3</DFN>.
Looks like this in your word browser:
If you need a high-performance hard drive, go for SCSI 3.
<DIR> ... </DIR>
These tags define a directory list in which the items can contain up to 20 characters
each. In some browsers, items in a directory list are be arranged in columns, typically 24
characters wide. In a directory list, each list items typically is preceded by bullets and
does not have extra white space above or below it.
Example
<H4>Student Scores </H4>
<DIR>
<LI>0-20 (10%)</LI>
<LI>21-40 (20%)</LI>
<LI>41-60 (30%)</LI>
<LI>61-80 (20%)</LI>
<LI>81-100 (20%)</LI>
</DIR>
looks like below in this browser:
Student Scores
<DIV> ... </DIV>
Sets up a division of text to which attributes are applied Can also ve used to center,
left-align, or right-align text with respect to the current margins on the page. Place the
text you want to align between the open and closing tags.
Attributes
ALIGN="alignment": Specifies how to align the text. Alignment
can be left, center, or right.
Examples
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="left">Left align this text.</DIV><BR>
<DIV ALIGN="right">Right align this text.</DIV><BR>
<DIV ALIGN="center">Center this text.</DIV>
</P>
Looks like below in your current web browser:
Left align this text.
Right align this text.
Center this text.
<DL ...> ... </DL>
This pair of tags defines a definition list (or description list) that typically
consists of definition terms and definition items. Definition lists are perfect for
glossary-type lists in which the term appears flush left and the definition is in indented
in paragraph style below the term.
Attributes
COMPACT Tells the browser to display the list in a compact format (if possible).
Example
<H2><CENTER>Glossary </CENTER></H2>
<DL>
<DT>HTML <DD>An acronym for Hypertext Markup Language. A set of tags
used to format text in pages published on the World Wide Web.
<DT>VRML <DD>An acronym for Virtual Reality Markup Language. A programming
language for creating 3D virtual worlds that can be viewed and
explored over the Internet.
</DL>
Looks like this in your web browser:
Glossary
- HTML
- An acronym for Hypertext Markup Language. A set of tags used to format text in pages
published on the World Wide Web. - VRML
- An acronym for Virtual Reality Markup Language. A programming language for creating 3D
virtual worlds that can be viewed and explored over the Internet.
<DT> ... </DT>
Specifies a definition term in a definition list. Definition terms typically are
formatted flush left and are followed by the indented definition in a paragraph-style
format.
Example
See <DL> ... </DL> for an example.
<EM> ... </EM>
Marks emphasized text which is typically displayed in italics.
Example
I <EM>really</EM> mean what I say, so <EM>do not</EM> ignore me!
Looks like this in this browser:
I really mean what I say, so do not ignore me!
<EMBED ...>
This tag lets you put a document directly onto an HTML page. You can embed documents of
any type (including Netscape plug-ins), although the user must have an application that
can view the embedded data. The document appears when the user double-clicks it. Windows
version of Netscape Navigator only.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the alignment of the object on
the page. Alignment can be left or right.
BORDER=thickness Specifies the thickness of the object's
border in pixels.
HEIGHT=height Specifies the height in pixels of the
embedded object.
SRC="sourcefile" Specifies the URL or filename of the
embedded document file.
WIDTH=width Specifies the width in pixels of the embedded
object.
Example
The tag below plays a midi file named myMidi.mid as background sound in Netscape
Navigator. (Use the BGSOUND tag to accomplish the same
thing in Microsoft Internet Explorer.)
<EMBED SRC="myMidi.mid" autostart="True" hidden="True">
<FONT ...> ... </FONT>
This pair of tags sets the font size, font color, and font face of text between the
open and closing tags. Some browsers support some attributes of this tag pair, but the
tags work mainly with Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer only.
Attributes
SIZE = size Sets the font size relative to the <BASEFONT
SIZE> (if basefont is specified). Size can be in the range 1 @nd 7 and can be
preceded with an optional + (increase size) or - (decrease size) symbol. Default size
is 3.
COLOR="#rrggbb" or COLOR="color"
Specifies the font color. You can express color as a hexadecimal RGB triplet (#rrggbb)
or color name. See my Color Table.
FACE=name [,name] [,name] Sets the typeface used to display text,
where name is the typeface name. The typeface must already exist on the user's
computer; if it doesn't, the specified alternative font (if any) or the browser's default
font is used. Internet Explorer only.
Examples
<FONT SIZE=7 COLOR=#00FF00 FACE="Arial">
This text is big, green, and Arial typeface.
</FONT>
Comes out like this in your current browser:
This text is big, green, and Arial
typeface.
<FORM> ... </FORM>
Defines the start and end of a fill-in-the-blank form. The ACTION= attribute defines
what happens when the reader clicks the Submit button to submit the form. The simple mailto:
action shown in the example doesn't work with all browsers. Ideally, you want to have the
action execute a custom CGI script that handles and sends the form data in the format you
need. Check with your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to see how they recommend setting up
forms in your web site.
Attributes
ACTION="URL" Specifies the URL where the contents
of the form will be submitted. When ACTION is omitted, the URL of the document itself is
assumed.
ENCTYPE="format" Specifies the format of the
submitted data in case the protocol specified by METHOD doesn't impose a format.
METHOD="method" Specifies the method used by the
protocol. Typically, method is GET or POST.
Example
<FORM ACTION="mailto:nobody@nowhere.com" METHOD="POST" ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"><P>
Your name: <INPUT NAME="01Name" VALUE="" MAXLENGTH="50" SIZE=50><P>
Your address: <INPUT NAME="02address" VALUE="" MAXLENGTH="50" SIZE=50><P>
Your City, State, Zip: <INPUT NAME="CSZ" VALUE="" MAXLENGTH="50" SIZE=50><P>
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="Submit" NAME="subbtn"><INPUT TYPE=RESET VALUE="Reset">
</FORM>
Looks like this in this web browser. (The Submit button won't do anything in this
example though):
<FRAME>
Defines a single frame within a frameset. Netscape Navigator 2.0 and later only. Must
be enclosed within <FRAMESET>...</FRAMESET> tags.
Attributes
MARGINHEIGHT="pixels" Specifies the size of the upper
and lower margins for the frame in pixels.
MARGINWIDTH="pixels" Specifies the size of the left and
right margins for the frame in pixels.
NAME="window_name" Assigns a name to the frame so that
other documents can link to it. Names must start with alphanumeric characters.
NORESIZE Prevents the reader from resizing the frame.
SCROLLING="value" Specifies whether to allow a scroll
bar. Value can be yes (scroll bar is always visible), no (scroll bar never
appears), or auto (scroll bar appears if necessary; this is the default).
SRC="URL" Specifies the URL of the document to display
in this frame. If omitted, the frame appears as blank.
Example
See <FRAMESET> for an example.
<FRAMESET> ... </FRAMESET>
The frameset is the main container for a frame. A frame document is similar to a normal
HTML document, except the body container is replaced by a FRAMESET container. The frameset
container holds the sub-documents, or frames, that make up the page. Netscape
Navigator only.
Attributes
COLS="column_width_list" A comma-separated list that
defines the number and width of the columns in the window. Each value can be an absolute
pixel value, percentage values between 1% and 100%, or relative scaling values (* tells
the browser to calculate the width based on the other values given). The total number of
columns must equal the window width. If omitted, one column is assumed.
ROWS="row_width_list" Same as the COLS attribute, except
that it defines the number and width of the rows in the windows. If omitted, one row is
assumed.
Example
Here's a sample structure of a web page that displays frames:
<HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>It's a frame, I tell ya'!</TITLE></HEAD>
<!-- Frameset has 3 columns. Left and right columns are 20% of window size, middle column fills in.-->
<!-- Content for each frame is in a separate file: left.htm, middle.htm, and right.htm -->
<FRAMESET COLS="20%,*,20%">
<FRAME SRC="left.htm" NAME="left">
<FRAME SRC="middle.htm" NAME="middle">
<FRAME SRC="right.htm" NAME="right">
</FRAMESET>
<!-- End of Frameset -->
<!-- Start of content that browsers without frame support will see. -->
<NOFRAMES>
Alternative content for people who don't have Netscape browsers goes here.
</NOFRAMES>
<!-- End of content that browsers without frame support will see. -->
</HTML>
<HEAD> ... </HEAD>
Encloses information about the web page - not the content that the reader sees. The
<TITLE> ... </TITLE> tags can appear within the <HEAD> ... </HEAD>
tags. The head can also include these tags: <BASE>, <ISINDEX>, <LINK>,
<NEXTID>, and <META>.
Example
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My Home Page</TITLE> <! Appears in browser window frame>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Text and pictures that the reader sees goes inside the BODY tags.
</BODY>
</HTML>
<Hn> ... </Hn>
This tag pair formats text between the open and close tags as any of six levels of
heading (where n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6). <H1> is the highest heading level,
followed by <H2> ... <H6>. The appearance of each heading style is determined
by the browser.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the heading's alignment, which can be left,
center, or right.
Example
<H1>This is heading level 1</H1>
<H2>This is heading level 2</H2>
<H3>This is heading level 3</H3>
<H4>This is heading level 4</H4>
<H5>This is heading level 5</H5>
<H6>This is heading level 6</H6>
looks like this in this browser:
This is heading level 1
This is heading level 2
This is heading level 3
This is heading level 4
This is heading level 5
This is heading level 6
<HR>
Draws a horizontal line or rule across the page. Horizontal rules are great for
dividing sections of text on the page.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the alignment of the line with respect
to current page margins. Alignment can be left, center, or right. Default is
center.
NOSHADE Displays the line as a solid bar. Default is shaded and engraved.
SIZE = size Specifies the relative thickness of the line. Size
is a number. Default is 2.
WIDTH=pixels or WIDTH=percent% Specifies the width
of the line in number of pixels or as a percent of the current page width.
Default is 100 percent.
Examples
<HR> <!-- Rule spans the page -->
<HR WIDTH=100> <!-- Rule is 100 pixels wide and centered. -->
<HR ALIGN=left WIDTH=30%> <!-- Rule is thick, left aligned, and 30% of the page width. -->
<HR ALIGN=left WIDTH=30% NOSHADE><!-- Same as just above, but without shading. -->
The tags above look like this in your web browser:
<HTML> ... </HTML>
Marks the beginning and end of an entire HTML document.
Example
The following listing shows the basic structure of an HTML document:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
...head stuff goes here
</HEAD>
<BODY>
...body stuff goes here
</BODY>
</HTML>
<I> ... </I>
Displays text between the tags as italicized.
Example
Did you know that SCSI is pronounced <I>scuzzy</I>?
Looks like this in your web browser:
Did you know that SCSI is pronounced scuzzy?
<IMG ...>
The <IMG ...> element puts inline graphics into your Web pages. You can put
<IMG ...> elements within anchors to create clickable links. This tag has many
attributes, including new ones to allow client-side image maps, embedded inline video, and
embedded inline VRML worlds. Many of the new attributes are specific to Internet Explorer
and/or Netscape Navigator.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Controls how the image alingns with text on the
same line. Standard alignment values are top, middle, and bottom. Additional values
supported by Netscape Navigator are left, right, texttop, absmiddle, baseline, absbottom.
ALT="alternate_text" Specifies text that appears instead
of the inline image in non-graphical environments.
BORDER=thickness Specifies the thickness of the border in
pixels.
CONTROLS Displays a set of controls under the inline video clip window.
DYNSRC="video_filename" Specifies the location of an
inline video clip (.AVI). Internet Explorer only.
HEIGHT=height Specifies the height of the image in pixels.
HSPACE=horizontal_space Specifies the horizontal_space to
the left and right of the image in pixels.
ISMAP Specifies that the image is an image map. Users can click hot spots on the
map to access different URLs (if an appropriate image handling script for the map exists
on the server).
LOOP=repeat Defines how many times the inline video clip loops
when activated, where repeat is a number or the value -1 or INFINITE. If the value
is -1 or INFINITE, the video plays continuously until another page is loaded.
LOOPDELAY=delay Specifies the lenght of the wait, in milliseconds,
between play loops for an inline video clip.
LOWSRC="low_res_image_file" Specifies the low resolution
image to display before the document and all of its images are fully loaded. After
loading, the browser displays the image specified by the SRC attribute. Netscape Navigator
only (ignored by other browsers).
SRC="image_file" Specifies the URL or filename of the
inline image.
START=start Specifies when an inline video clip will play. Start
can be FILEOPEN or MOUSEOVER (or both, separated by a comma).
USEMAP="map_location" Specifies the location of a
client-side image map. If the map_location starts with #, the image map is in the
same document as the <IMG ...> tag. The map name is defined in the <MAP> tag.
VRML="VRML_world" Embeds the named VRML_world
into the HTML document with navigation controls below the embedding pane. Netscape
Navigator and Internet Explorer with VRML plug-ins only.
VSPACE=vertical_space Specifies the vertical_space above
and below the image in pixels.
WIDTH=width Specifies the width of the image in pixels.
Example
<!-- Image and More About Us are clickable hot spots -->
<A HREF="moreinfo.htm">
<IMG SRC="photo_hi.gif" LOWSRC="photo_lo.gif" ALT="Who We Are!"
HSPACE=10 VSPACE=10 BORDER=5 ALIGN=middle>
</A>
<H3><A HREF="moreinfo.htm">More About Us!</A></H3>
<INPUT ...> ... </INPUT>
This tag sets up an input field to allow data entry in a form. In JavaScript-capable
browsers, the <INPUT> tag can accept an event handler as an attribute.
Attributes
ALIGN="alignment" Specifies the vertical alignment of the image
given in TYPE=IMAGE (see below). Possible alignments are the same as for the
<IMG> element.
CHECKED Marks the checkbox or radio button as selected. Unselected checkboxes
and radio buttons don't return any name/value pairs when the form is submitted.
MAXLENGTH="value" Specifies the maximum number of characters
the user can enter into a text field. If value is greater than the size given by
the SIZE attribute, the field will scroll. Default is unlimited length.
NAME="name" Specifies the name used when sending the form's
contents. The name provides a unique identifier for the field and is required for most
input types.
SIZE = "size" Specifies the size or precision of the field. For
example, quot;20" means a text field will be 20 characters wide.
SRC="image-file" Specifies the URN or URL of an image. Used
only with TYPE=IMAGE.
TYPE="type" Specifies the type of data the field accepts.
Default is TEXT. Valid types are: CHECKBOX, HIDDEN, IMAGE, PASSWORD, RADIO, RESET,
SUBMIT, TEXT, TEXTAREA.
VALUE="value" Specifies a default value for the field. Required
if TYPE=RADIO.
Example
See <FORM ...> ... </FORM> for an example.
<ISINDEX ...>
Tells the browser that the linked document is an index document that users can both
read and use for keyword searching. For keyword searching to work, the server must have a
search engine that supports the <ISINDEX> feature. Place the <ISINDEX> element
between the <HEAD>...</HEAD> elements.
The tag adds the default text "This is a searchable index. Enter search
keywords:" followed by an input box where the user can type keywords, to the top of
your web page.
Attributes
ACTION="cgi_scriptname" Cgi_scriptname specifies
the name of the cgi script or program file that will process the keyword a user types into
the input box. Netscape Navigator only.
PROMPT="prompt" Changes the default This is a searchable
index... text to prompt. Netscape Navigator only.
Example
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is a cool index.</TITLE> <ISINDEX PROMPT="So what's it gonna be?">
</HEAD>
<KBD> ... </KBD>
The text that appears between these tags represents user-typed text and typically
appears in a monospaced font.
Example
Please type <KBD>copy myfile.txt myfile.bak</KBD> and press Enter.
Shows up like this in your current web browser
Please type copy myfile.txt myfile.bak and press Enter.
<LI> ... </LI>
Specifies a single list item in a <DIR> (directory), <MENU> (menu),
<OL> (ordered), or <UL> (unordered) list. The appearance of the list item
depends on the type of list in which it is located.
Example
The tags below
<P>
To get your CD-ROM drive working:
<OL>
<LI>Stand up</LI>
<LI>Touch the tip of your index finger to the top of your head,and hold it there.</LI>
<LI>Twirl around clockwise three times.</LI>
<LI>Bark like a monkey.</LI>
</OL>
</P>
<P>If the drive still doesn't work, read the instructions, or call the drive manufacturer.</P>
Look like this in your web browser:
To get your CD-ROM drive working:
- Stand up.
- Touch the tip of your index finger to the top of your head, and hold it there.
- Twirl around clockwise three times.
- Bark like a monkey.
If the drive still doesn't work, read the instructions, or call the drive manufacturer.
<LINK ...>
Indicates a relationship between the current document and some other object. Most often
used to link a style sheet to a web page that supports CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) Place
the <LINK> element between the <HEAD>...</HEAD> elements.
The <LINK> element takes the same attributes as the <A>...</A>
element; however, the <LINK> element has no closing tag. See the <A>...</A> entry in the alphabetical reference
for a list of attributes that apply.
Example:
The tag below links a CSS style sheet named mys to the current web page:
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="mystyles.css" TYPE="text/css">
<MAP>...</MAP>
Defines the clickable hotspots on a client-side image map, and the action to be taken
when the reader clicks the hotspot. The easiest way to create a client-side image map is
to use a helper application like LiveImage, available from http://www.mediatec.com.
Attributes
NAME = "name" Defines the name of the map, as referred to by
the USEMAP attribute of the <IMG> tag that shows the picture.
AREA SHAPE = "shape" Defines the shape of the hotspot as RECT for
rectangle.
COORDS="x,y," Specifies the hotspot as pixel coordinates within the
picture.
JAVASCRIPT:code/function Specifies JavaScript code, or the name of an
existing custom function, to execute when the reader clicks the hotspot.
HREF = "url" Specifies the URL to take the reader to after
clicking the hot spot.
NOHREF Specifies a neutral area.
TARGET="framename" Specifies which frame to use to display a
page within a framed site.
Example
<MAP NAME="navmap">
<AREA SHAPE=RECT COORDS="4,158,97,184" HREF=javascript:hopto('daily.htm')>
<AREA SHAPE=RECT COORDS="0,327,98,353" HREF=javascript:frameless()>
<AREA SHAPE=RECT COORDS="40,361,63,388" HREF=javascript:goTop()>
<AREA SHAPE=RECT COORDS="5,17,102,114" HREF=javascript:hopto('home.htm')>
</MAP>
<IMG SRC = "mymap.gif" USEMAP = "#navmap">
<MARQUEE ...> ... </MARQUEE>
Displays the text between the tags as a scrolling marquee. Internet Explorer only.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies how the text around the marquee should
line up with respect to the marquee. Alignment can be top, middle, or bottom.
BEHAVIOR=behavior Specifies how text should scroll. Behavior
can be scroll, slide, or alternate (scroll is the default).
BGCOLOR=color Specifies the background color for the marquee (see
my Color Table).
DIRECTION=direction Specifies the direction in which text should
scroll. Direction can be left or right (left is the default).
HEIGHT=height or HEIGHT=height% Specifies the height of the
marquee in pixels or a percentage of the screen height.
HSPACE=pixels Specifies the left and right margins for the outside
of the marquee in pixels.
LOOP=repeat Defines how many times the marquee loops when
activated, where repeat is a number or the value -1 or INFINITE. If the value is -1
or INFINITE, the marquee loops continuously until another page is loaded.
SCROLLAMOUNT=pixels Specifies the number of pixels the marquee
text moves between each redraw.
SCROLLDELAY=milliseconds Specifies the speed of each redraw in
milliseconds.
VSPACE=pixels Specifies the top and bottom margins for the outside
of the marquee in pixels.
WIDTH=width or WIDTH=width% Specifies the width of
the marquee in pixels or as a percentage of the screen height.
Example
<MARQUEE>This text will do a slow scroll from left to right.</MARQUEE>
<P>Are you dizzy yet?</P>
<P><MARQUEE BEHAVIOR=Alternate BGCOLOR=Red>
This is the marquee in red. It goes back and forth.
</MARQUEE><P>
<P>Are you dizzy yet?<P>
<MARQUEE BGCOLOR=Lime HEIGHT=50% WIDTH=50%>
This lime marquee will be half the height and width of the screen.
</MARQUEE>
<MARQUEE SCROLLDELAY=10 SCROLLAMOUNT=30 BGCOLOR="Pink">A quickie marquee.</MARQUEE>
If you're using Microsoft Internet Explorer version 3 or later, the text below will be
scrolling across the screen.
Are you dizzy yet?
Are you dizzy yet?
<MENU> ... </MENU>
This tag pair defines a menu list of items that typically appear one line per item.
Menu lists are more compact than unordered lists. List items typically are indented and
may be preceded by a bullet.
Example
<H4>What's on the Menu?</H4>
<MENU>
<LI>Fried Filberts</LI>
<LI>Grilled Grapes</LI>
<LI>Smoked Squash</LI>
</MENU>
Looks like this (below) in your web browser:
What's on the Menu?
<META ...>
This tag specifies miscellaneous information about the document that isn't defined by
other HTML elements. Many search engines use information in the META tags to index your
site. Server and client programs can extract this meta information for
identification, indexing, and cataloging purposes. Place the <META> tag between the
<HEAD>...</HEAD> tags.
Attributes
CONTENT="content" Defines the content associated with
the NAME or HTTP-EQUIV attribute.
HTTP-EQUIV Binds the element to an HTTP response header. If you omit this
attribute, the NAME value is considered to be equivalent.
NAME="name" Assigns a name to the meta-information, such
as Author, Classification, Description, and Keywords. If you omit this attribute, the
HTTP-EQUIV value is considered to be equivalent.
Example
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A Meta Example</TITLE>
<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Alan Simpson">
<META NAME="Description" CONTENT="This is my silly little test page">
<META NAME="KeyWords" CONTENT="Test, HTML, Silly">
</HEAD>
<NOBR> ... </NOBR>
Prevents the browser from word-wrapping any of the text between the open and close
tags. Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer only. This feature is useful for character
sequences that shouldn't be broken by word wrapping to the next line, but it can look
mighty weird if the user resizes the window to be narrower than the original width of the
text between the tags. Text will be cut off at the right until the window is resized
larger.
Example
<NOBR>Breaking up is so hard to do, that we really don't want to do it here. We'll ramble on so you can see what this looks like. Rest assured that we well end up with a pretty long line here. It's a couple lines in Word IA.</NOBR>
Here's the chunk of text above displayed in your current web browser:
ramble on so you can see what this looks like. Rest assured that we well end up with a
pretty long line here. It's a couple lines in Word IA.
<NOFRAMES> ... </NOFRAMES>
This pair of tags provides alternative content for browsers that don't support frames.
See the <FRAMESET> entry for an example. Netscape
Navigator only.
<OL> ... </OL>
Defines an ordered (numbered) list that appears with a sequential number or letter next
to each list item. List items are usually indented.
Attributes
COMPACT Displays the list in a more compact format.
START=start Specifies the starting value for the list, using the
default TYPE. Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator only.
TYPE=type Defines whether the list starts with capital letters
(A), small letters (a), large roman numerals (I), small roman numerals (i), or numbers (1,
the default). Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator only.
VALUE=count Specifies the count (or increment) between list items.
Example
The example below shows a list marked as an ordered list (<OL>) with an unordered
list (<UL>) embedded within it:
<H3>Things to Do</H3>
<OL>
<LI>Wake up, get ready</LI>
<LI>Get kids off to school</LI>
<LI>Go to the grocery store</LI>
<UL>
<LI>Milk</LI>
<LI>Bananas</LI>
<LI>Bread</LI>
<LI>Carrots</LI>
</UL>
<LI>Pick up kids</LI>
<LI>Get dinner ready</LI>
</OL>
Here's what that list looks like in your web browser:
Things to Do
- Wake up, get ready
- Get kids off to school
- Go to the grocery store
- Milk
- Bananas
- Bread
- Carrots
- Pick up kids
- Get dinner ready
<OPTION ...> ...
This tag identifies a single option within a select (drop-down list) box. You must use
it within <SELECT...> ... </SELECT> tags inside of
<FORM>...</FORM> tags.
Attributes
DISABLED A proposed attribute. Not implemented now.
SELECTED Identified the options that's selected by default. If omitted, the form
shows the first option in the list.
VALUE="value" Indicates the value returned when the user
chooses this option. If you omit the VALUE attribute, the form returns the value of the
option itself.
Example
<FORM NAME = "selectbox">
<P>
<SELECT NAME="FavoriteColor">
<OPTION>Red
<OPTION>Orange
<OPTION>Yellow
<OPTION>Green
<OPTION SELECTED>Blue
<OPTION>Violet
</SELECT>
</FORM>
The tags above look and work like the select box below:
<P>…</P>
This pair of tags marks a paragraph. Paragraphs usually are surrounded by extra space
(a line or half a line); in some browsers, the first line is indented. The closing
</P> tag is optional, and often omitted.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the alignment of the paragraph text
between the document margins. Alignment options are left, center, and right.
Example
This paragraph isn't very interesting, but it makes the point and it will word-wrap to additional lines as needed.<P>This is another pretty boring paragraph, but you can see that it's set apart from the paragraph just above it by some extra space.
<P ALIGN=center>Centered paragraph (Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.)</P>
The text shown above looks like this in your browser:
This paragraph isn't very interesting, but it makes the point and it will word-wrap to
additional lines as needed.
This is another pretty boring paragraph, but you can see that it's set
apart from the paragraph just above it by some extra space. Centered paragraph (Netscape
Navigator and Internet Explorer.)
<PRE> ... </PRE>
This tag pair uses text "as is" in fixed-width font. Presumably, the text is
already formatted as you want it, with line breaks that force text to start on a new line.
You also can include anchor elements, character highlighting elements, and the horizontal
tab character (though tabs are not recommended). Do not use elements that define paragraph
formatting within the preformatted text.
Attributes
WIDTH=width Specifies the maximum number of characters for a line
(for example, 40, 80, and 132). Default is 80.
Example
<PRE>This text is formatted to break exactly where I want it to.
It will appear in fixed-width text.</PRE>
Looks like this in your browser:
This text is formatted to break exactly where I want it to.
It will appear in fixed-width text.
<S> ... </S>
Displays text between the tags in strikethough style
Example
Yours for <S>absolutely nothing</S> 100.00!
Looks like this in your browser:
Yours for absolutely nothing 100.00!
<SAMP> ... </SAMP>
Use these tags to differentiate text that should look like a "sample" of
something to the reader, such as sample programming code. Most browsers display the sample
text in a monospaced font.
Example
<P>To create a variable and assign it a value use the syntax:</P>
<SAMP>
var <I>variablename</I> = <I>value</I>
</SAMP>
<P>where <I>variablename</I> is a valid variable name, and <I>value</I> is the value you want to store in the variable.</P>
When displayed in a web browser, the text above looks like this:
To create a variable and assign it a value use the syntax:
var variablename = value
where variablename is a valid variable name, and value is the value you
want to store in the variable.
<SCRIPT...>...</SCRIPT>
This tag pair marks the beginning and end of a script embedded in a page.
Attributes
LANGUAGE=language Specifies the language in which the script is
written.
Example
I'm just regular old body text.
<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
<!-- hide script from non JavaScript browsers
var now = new Date()
var VisitStart = now.getTime()
// stop hiding script -->
</SCRIPT>
Back to regular old body text.
<SELECT ...> ... </SELECT>
This tag pair creates a select box (drop-down list) in a form. Each option within the
box is defined by an <OPTION> tag.
Attributes
ERROR A proposed attribute. Not currently implemented.
MULTIPLE Lets users choose more than one option from the list.
NAME="name" Specifies the name used when sending the
form's contents. The name provides a unique identifier for the group of options.
SIZE="size" Specifies the number of visible items. If size
is greater than one, the options appear in a list.
Example
<FORM>
<SELECT MULTIPLE NAME="ColoList" >
<OPTION VALUE="Red">Red
<OPTION VALUE="Orange">Orange
<OPTION VALUE="Yellow">Yellow
<OPTION VALUE="Green">Green
<OPTION VALUE="Blue">Blue
<OPTION VALUE="Indigo">Indigo
<OPTION VALUE="Violet">Violet
</SELECT>
</FORM>
The tags above present this option list in your web browser:
See <OPTION></OPTION> for an example of
using <SELECT> to create a drop-down list.
<SMALL> ... </SMALL>
Text between the <SMALL></SMALL> tags is displayed in a size that's
slightly smaller than the base font size.
Example
If businesses and lawyers were just honest with people, we wouldn't need all that <SMALL>fine print</SMALL> in the contracts we sign.
The text appears small only in web browsers that support the <SMALL> tag. In your
current web browser, the sentence above looks like this:
If businesses and lawyers were just honest with people, we wouldn't need all that fine
print in the contracts we sign.
<SOUND ...>
Inserts a background sound on the page. The sound file must be in .WAV format. It plays
when its position is visible on the page. NCSA Mosaic only.
Attributes
SRC="soundfile" Defines the name of the sound file to
play in the background.
LOOP=INFINITE Plays the sound continuously until another page is loaded.
DELAY=sec Delays the play of an inline sound for sec number
of seconds.
Examples
<SOUND SRC="spooky.wav" LOOP=INFINITE>
<SOUND SRC="robot.wav" DELAY=10>
<STRIKE> ... </STRIKE>
Displays strikethough text between the tags, same as the <S></S> tags..
Example
The due date shall be <STRIKE>June 1, 1997</STRIKE> July 1, 1997.
The line above looks like this in your web browser:
The due date shall be June 1, 1997 July 1, 1997.
<STRONG> ... </STRONG>
The text between these tags is emphasized - displayed in boldface by most browsers.
Example
<STRONG>Do as I say, not as I do!</STRONG> is a frequent admonition from parent to child.
The line above looks like this in your current web browser:
Do as I say, not as I do! is a frequent admonition from parent to
child.
<SUB> ... </SUB>
Subscripts the text between the tags.
Example
Hurry! Give me a glass of H<SUB>2</SUB>O!
The line above looks like this in your web browser:
Hurry! Give me a glass of H20!
<SUP> ... </SUP>
Displays superscript (raised) text between the tags.
Example
Einstein's famous equation e = mc<SUP>2</SUP> tells us that energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared.
The line above looks like this in your current web browser:
Einstein's equation E = mc2 tells us that energy is equal to mass times the
speed of light squared.
<TABLE ...> ... </TABLE>
This tag pair specifies the start and end of a table. All elements between the
<TABLE ...> ... </TABLE> tags are part of the table. Any table elements
outside of these tags are ignored.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the table's alignment with respect to
the page. Alignment can be left or right. Internet Explorer only.
BGCOLOR=color Specifies the background color for the table.
See my Color Table.
BORDER or BORDER=thickness Specifies the existence of and relative
width of the table border. Thickness is a number. If BORDER is omitted, no borders
appear.
BORDERCOLOR=color Specifies the color for the table's border using
colors from my Color Table.
BORDERCOLORDARK=color Used with the BORDER attribute to specify
the color for the table's darker-colored three-dimensional border. Use string triplets
from the Color Table list. Internet Explorer only.
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color Used with the BORDER attribute to specify
the color for the table's lighter-colored three-dimensional border. Specify the color as a
Color Table string triplet. Internet Explorer only.
CELLPADDING=padding Specifies the amount of space between the
cell's border and the cell's contents. In Netscape, the default padding is 1.
CELLSPACING=spacing Specifies the spacing between individual cells
in a table. Spacing is a number. In Netscape, the default spacing is 2.
VALIGN=alignment Specifies an alignment of top or bottom
for text within the table cells. The default is center aligned. Internet Explorer only.
WIDTH=width or WIDTH=width% Specifies the table's
width with respect to the document page. Width can be expressed in pixels or as a
percentage.
Example
<TABLE BORDER=3 WIDTH=100% CELLPADDING=5>
<CAPTION><B>Requirements for Netscape Gold</B></CAPTION>
<TR> <!-- Row 1 (Header items) -->
<TH>Platform</TH> <!-- Header for column 1 -->
<TH>Processor</TH> <!-- Header for column 2 -->
<TH>Disk Space (Minimum)</TH> <!-- Header for column 3 -->
<TH>Memory (Minimum)</TH> <!-- Header for column 4 -->
<TH>Memory (Recommended)</TH> <!-- Header for column 5 -->
</TR><!-- End of Row 1 (Header items) -->
<TR ALIGN=CENTER><!-- Row 2 -->
<TD>Windows</TD> <!-- Data for row 2 column 1 -->
<TD>486</TD> <!-- Data for row 2 column 2 -->
<TD>5MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 2 column 3 -->
<TD>6MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 2 column 4 -->
<TD>8MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 2 column 5 -->
</TR><!-- End of Row 2 -->
<TR ALIGN=CENTER><!-- Row 3 -->
<TD>Macintosh</TD> <!-- Data for row 3 column 1 -->
<TD>68020</TD> <!-- Data for row 3 column 2 -->
<TD>5MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 3 column 3 -->
<TD>6MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 3 column 4 -->
<TD>8MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 3 column 5 -->
</TR><!-- End of Row 3 -->
<TR ALIGN=CENTER><!-- Row 4 -->
<TD>Unix</TD> <!-- Data for row 4 column 1 -->
<TD>N/A</TD> <!-- Data for row 4 column 2 -->
<TD>6MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 4 column 3 -->
<TD>16MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 4 column 4 -->
<TD>16MB</TD> <!-- Data for row 4 column 5 -->
</TR><!-- End of Row 4 -->
</TABLE>
The tags above produce the following table in your web browser:
Platform |
Processor |
Disk Space (Minimum) |
Memory (Minimum) |
Memory (Recommended) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows |
486 |
5MB |
6MB |
8MB |
Macintosh |
68020 |
5MB |
6MB |
8MB |
Unix |
N/A |
6MB |
16MB |
16MB |
<TD ...> ... </TD>
Defines the data for a cell in a table row. Each <TD ...> ... </TD> pair
corresponds to one cell within a table row <TR ...> ... </TR>. Each row within
the table need not have the same number of <TD ...> ... </TD> pairs. Any
document body HTML tag can appear between the tags.
Attributes
ALIGN=alignment Specifies the alignment of the text with respect
to the left and right edges of the cell. Alignment can be left, center, or right.
BGCOLOR=color Specifies the background color for this cell using a
triplet from the Color Table.
BORDERCOLOR=color Specifies the color for the cell's border using
a string triplet from the Color table. Internet Explorer only.
BORDERCOLORDARK=color Specifies the color for the cell's
darker-colored, three-dimensional border using a string triplet from the Color table. Internet Explorer only.
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color Specifies the color for the cell's
lighter-colored, three-dimensional border using a string triplet from the Color table. Internet Explorer only.
COLSPAN=colspan Specifies how many columns of the table this cell
should span. The default colspan is 1.
NOWRAP Prevents the browser from wrapping the text to fit the cell width. Use
with caution to avoid overly wide cells.
ROWSPAN=rowspan Specifies how many rows of the table this cell
should span. The default rowspan is 1.
VALIGN=alignment Specifies the alignment of the text with respect
to the top and bottom edges of the cell. Alignment can be top, middle, bottom, or
baseline.
Example
See <TABLE ...> ... </TABLE> for an
example.
<TEXTAREA ...> ... </TEXTAREA>
These tags place a multi-line text box on a form. If you include text between the
<TEXTAREA ...> and </TEXTAREA> tags, that text will appear as the initial
value of the input field.
Attributes
COLS="width" The width of the field in
fixed-width characters.
NAME="name" Specifies the name used when sending the
form's contents. The name provides a unique identifier for the field.
ROWS="height" The height of the field in
fixed-width characters.
WRAP=wrap_type Specifies how words will wrap within the text area.
Wrap_type is Off (text is sent exactly as entered; the default setting), Virtual
(text displays with word wrap but is sent as a continuous line), or Physical (text
displays and is sent with word wrap). Netscape Navigator 2.0 or later only.
Example
<FORM>
<P>
<TEXTAREA NAME="LifeStory" ROWS=3 COLS=50>
Summarize your life story here...
</TEXTAREA>
</FORM>
Looks like this in your web browser:
<TH ...> ... </TH>
Defines the data for a cell in a table header. Each <TH ...> ... </TH> pair
corresponds to one cell within a table row <TR ...> ... </TR>. Any document
body HTML tag can appear between the tags. Table header cells appear in bold font and are
centered by default.
The attributes for the <TH ...> ... </TH> element are the same as for the
<TD ...> ... </TD> element.
Example
See <TABLE ...> ... </TABLE> for an
example.
<TITLE></TITLE>
Specifies the page title that will appear in the browser's title bar. The
<TITLE></TITLE> tags should be placed between the <HEAD></HEAD>
tags.
Example
The title bar for this document shows HTML Publishing Bible Electronic HTML
Reference because these tags are up near the top of this document:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>HTML Publishing Bible Electronic HTML Reference</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<TR ...> ... </TR>
This tag pair defines a row in a table. There are as many rows in the table as there
are <TR ...> ... </TR> pairs within the table. The attributes for the <TR
...> ... </TR> element are the same as for the <TD ...> ... </TD>
element, except for COLSPAN, NOWRAP, and ROWSPAN, which aren't allowed.
Example
See <TABLE ...> ... </TABLE> for an
example.
<TT> ... </TT>
This tag mimics a typewriter or teletype machine's font. Displays fixed width (Courier)
text in most browsers.
Example
<P>The message I received just said</P>
<TT>
X marks the spot
</TT>
<P>but there was no X on the map.</P>
The lines above look like this in your web browser:
The message I received just said
X marks the spot
but there was no X on the map.
<U> ... </U>
This tag pair displays underlined text between the tags. Use with caution
because underlining is also used to identify hypertext links. (Don't confuse the reader by
having a lot of non-hyperlink underlined text on your page.)
Example
Please <U>do not</U> try this at home.
The line above looks like this in your web browser:
Please do not try this at home.
<UL> ... </UL>
Defines an unordered (bulleted) list that usually appears with a bullet next to each
list item. With each indent level, the bullets usually progress to different shapes,
depending on the browser.
Attributes
COMPACT Displays the list in a more compact format.
TYPE=type Defines the bullet type regardless of the indent level. Type
can be disk, circle, or square. Netscape Navigator only.
Example
<H4>A Nested Unnumbered To Do List</H4>
<UL>
<LI>Clean fish tank</LI>
<LI>Buy groceries</LI>
<LI>Sleep</LI>
<UL>
<LI>Sleep in the day</LI>
<LI>Sleep a lot!</LI>
<LI>Sleep at night</LI>
</UL>
<LI>Eat</LI>
</UL>
The tags and text above look like this in your web browser:
A Nested Unnumbered To Do List
- Clean fish tank
- Buy groceries
- Sleep
- Sleep in the day
- Sleep a lot!
- Sleep at night
- Eat
<VAR> ... </VAR>
Specifies the style used to display variables in equations. Text is shown in italics in
most web browsers.
Example
Did you know that <VAR>e</VAR>=<VAR>mc</VAR><SUP>2</SUP> means that energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared?
That line above ends up looking like this in your web browser:
Did you know that e=mc2 means that energy is equal to
mass times the speed of light squared?
<WBR>
This tag allows a word to break at the tag position. You can use this tag within a
<NOBR> section to tell the browser where it can break a word if it needs to.
Example
<NOBR>This stuff shouldn't break, but if you have to break, <WBR>break now, OK?</NOBR>
Other electronic HTML References worth taking a look at:
- Beginner's Guide to HTML at http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimerAll.html
- Coolnerds HTML Mega-Xref lets you see HTML tag
definitions according to Microsoft, Netscape, and the W3C. - HTML Goodies Quick Reference: http://www.htmlgoodies.com/html_ref.html
- HTML Quick Reference (Michael Grobe): http://www.cc.ukans.edu/~acs/docs/other/HTML_quick.shtml
- HTML Style Guide & Test Suite:http://www.charm.net/~lejeune/styles.html
- HTML Tags sorted by Navigator Release at http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/htmlguid/tags_complete.html
- Microsoft's Dynamic HTML Page:
http://www.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml or http://www.microsoft.com/msdn/sdk/inetsdk/help/c-frame.htm#dhtml/dhtml.htm - Netscape's HTML Tag Reference Guide at http://developer.netscape.com/library/documentation/htmlguid
- Netscape's Dynamic HTML Resources: http://developer.netscape.com/library/examples/index.html
- Sandia Labs:http://www.sandia.gov/sci_compute/html_ref.html
- W3C HTML 4.0 Online Reference at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/MarkUp.html#html4
- W@sup3 Writer:http://hake.com/gordon/w3-index.html
You might also want to search AltaVista for HTML
Reference or HTML
Tutorial to see what else is available. Or, search BarnesandNoble.com for books on HTML
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